By default, HTTP is a persistent connection.
Whenever a browser opens a webpage, a separate HTML request must be sent for each image or component in HTML like css file or javascript. But all can be done in the same TCP connection.

XPath
1. XPath stands for XML Path Language
2. XPath uses "path like" syntax to identify and navigate nodes in an XML document
3. XPath contains over 200 built-in functions
4. XPath is a major element in the XSLT standard

→ The

tag defines an ordered list. An ordered list can be numerical or alphabetical.
→ The
tag defines an unordered (bulleted) list. Use the
tag together with the
• tag to create unordered lists.
  

→ User-defined tags are only allowed in XML but not in HTML. All the other options are correct for both XML and HTML.
→ SGML stands for Standard Generalized Markup Language and it was extended to HTML and XML.
→ Both XML and HTML are used to describe the content and layout of a webpage and are used with web browsers only.

→ A XML document is said to be well- formed if it have correct syntax like tags are case sensitive, elements must have closing tags, elements must be properly nested etc.
→ But when when associate a well formed XML document with a DTD( in which we define the structure of a document) and if that XML document validates all the definitions defined in DTD then that XML document is called as “valid” XML document.
→ Always remember that a “valid” XML document is also a “well-formed” XML document but a “well-formed” XML document is not necessarily a “valid” XML document.
→ In question, it is mentioned that XML document is validating the definitions in the DTD. So, the answer is option (3).

The JavaScript this keyword refers to the object it belongs to.
It has different values depending on where it is used:
• In a method, this refers to the owner object.
• Alone, this refers to the global object.
• In a function, this refers to the global object.
• In an event, this refers to the element that received the event.
• Methods like call(), and apply() can refer this to any object.
• There are two alert boxes in the javascript code. So two messages will be displayed.
• First message, alert(this.y) here this.y is global variable whose value is 12. So first message is “12”.
• Second message is alert(y) , here “y” local variable and value is 6 so second message displays value “6”

Oak is a discontinued programming language created by James Gosling in 1991, initially for Sun Micro systems' set-top box project. The language later evolved to become Java.

Sun released the Java HotSpot virtual machine and compiler as free software under the GNU General Public License on November 13, 2006, with a promise that the rest of the JDK (that includes the JRE) would be placed under the GPL by March 2007 ("except for a few components that Sun does not have the right to publish in distributable source form under the GPL").

Java code is platform independent in the sense that the same Java application or algorithms (typically compiled to Java bytecode and packaged in a .jar file) will run identically on Windows and Linux.

● JSP stands for Java Server Pages.JSP is a server side technology to help developers to create dynamic pages with HTML like syntax.
● The jsp pages are easier to maintain than servlet because we can separate designing and development. It provides some additional features such as Expression Language, Custom Tag etc

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is the computing paradigm that utilizes services as fundamental elements for developing applications/solutions.
To build the service model, SOC relies on the service oriented architecture (SOA), which is a way of reorganizing software applications and infrastructure into a set of interacting services

JavaScript can "display" data in different ways:
Writing into an HTML element, using innerHTML.
Writing into the HTML output using document.write().
Writing into an alert box, using window.alert().
Writing into the browser console, using console.log().

We can achieve first three options by using HTML(static web pages). But to display the client time alone HTML is not sufficient , We require Java Script.

If you create HTML page with the above code,we will get table structure as below

● Both XML and HTML languages are case sensitive.
● Both XML and HTML consists of Tags. Every open tag should consists of close tag in both languages.

→ Select and style all

elements AND all

elements:
Example:
h1, p { background-color: yellow; }
→ To style several elements with the same style, separate each element name with a comma.

1.XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
2.XML was designed to store and transport data.
3.XML was designed to be both human- and machine-readable.
Syntax: < ?xml version="1.0"/ >

An element can contain
1. text
2. attributes
3. other elements or a mix of the above
Note: XML element names cannot contain spaces.

→ The document entity serves as the root of the entity tree and a starting-point for an XML processor.
→ This specification does not specify how the document entity is to be located by an XML processor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and might well appear on a processor input stream without any identification at all.

→ A XML document is said to be well- formed if it have correct syntax like tags are case sensitive, elements must have closing tags, elements must be properly nested etc.
→ But when when associate a well formed XML document with a DTD( in which we define the structure of a document) and if that XML document validates all the definitions defined in DTD then that XML document is called as “valid” XML document.
→ Always remember that a “valid” XML document is also a “well-formed” XML document but a “well-formed” XML document is not necessarily a “valid” XML document
→ In question, it is mentioned that XML document is validating the definitions in the DTD. so the answer is option (3).

Web links are stored within the page itself and when you wish to 'jump' to the page that is linked, we select the hotspot or anchor. This technique is called hypertext or hypermedia.

→ In HTML, images are defined with the < img > tag.
→ The < img > tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.
→ The src attribute specifies the URL (web address) of the image: < img src="url" >

→ HTML defines six levels of headings.
→ A heading element implies all the font changes, paragraph breaks before and after, and any white space necessary to render the heading.
→ The heading elements are H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6 with H1 being the highest (or most important) level and H6 the least.

→The numeric values should be declared without double quotes.
→The String values should be enclosed within double quotes(")
→Date and Time variables should be enclosed within hash symbol(#)

I. statement 1 represents absolute URL. But since Statement A does not contain a closing tag so it is a wrong statement.
II. Statement 2 relative URL starting from website root
III. Statement 3 relative URL starting from the current page location
IV. Statement 4 relative URL starting from the current page location and then going to "test" part of the loaded page
Hence option C is right answer.

→ Reload the current document:
→ location.reload();
→ The reload() method is used to reload the current document.
→ The reload() method does the same as the reload button in your browser.
→ By default, the reload() method reloads the page from the cache

Web links are stored within the page itself and when you wish to 'jump' to the page that is linked, we select the hotspot or anchor. This technique is called hypertext (or) Hypermedia

● “ALT” attribute is used along with tag to specify the text in place of image, if image not able to see.
● The syntax is
< img src=”file.jpg” alt=”Image can’t be loaded” >

Linking nothing but creating hyperlinks from HTML page or HTML document to another HTML Page or HTML document.

An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object - which can then be manipulated with a JavaScript

The ​ Following syntax shows XML declaration −
< ?xml
version = "version_number"
encoding = "encoding_declaration"
standalone = "standalone_status"
? >

Most web browsers (excluding text-only ones like Linux, Mosaic) can display only a handful of these formats inline. The format of about 90% of these files is binary.
1. ​ Graphical interchange format - GIF
For line art (such as one- or two-color logos), simple drawings, animations, and basically any image that has no gradients or blends. GIF is also the best format when you want to display an image with a transparent background.
2. J​ oint Photographic Experts Group - JPEG
JPEG is the best format for colorful, complex images (such as photographs); images containing gradients or color blends; and any other images with millions of colors.
3. ​ Portable Network Graphics - PNG
PNG generally produces better-looking images with smaller file sizes than GIF for the same kinds of limited-color images. Really old browsers, such as IE 3, don’t support the PNG format, but most Web designers now choose this format over GIF because so few people use such old browser. Browsers as recent as IE6 don’t display transparent PNG files properly, which is unfortunate because PNG files tend to handle transparency better.
4. ​ X-Bitmap/X-Pixelmap
X-Bitmaps are a common format on UNIX platforms, and are often found in older image and icon libraries. Here, a bit is used to represent each pixel of the graphics. Consequently, only black and white images are supported. Transparency is possible as in GIF since the white portion is treated as the color of the underlying background (making way for attractive designs). X-Pixel map is the colour equivalent of X-Bitmap. Here, 8 bits represent each pixel(256 colours). Obviously, both methods are very inefficient in terms of storage space required. It is quite uncommon outside the UNIX environment.

We can declare VBScript variables with the Dim, Public or the Private statement.
Syntax: ​ Dim variable_name
Example:​ Dim anand

The default scripting language used for writing ASP is VBScript, although you can use other scripting languages like JScript (Microsoft's version of JavaScript).

confirm(): Displays a dialog box with a message and an OK and a Cancel button
alert(): Displays an alert box with a message and an OK button
prompt(): Displays a dialog box that prompts the visitor for input

This line is called the XML prolog:

→ The XML prolog is optional. If it exists, it must come first in the document.
→ XML documents can contain international characters, like Norwegian øæå or French êèé.
→ To avoid errors, you should specify the encoding used, or save your XML files as UTF-8.
→ UTF-8 is the default character encoding for XML documents.

→ A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document.
→ With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree on a standard DTD for interchanging data.
→ An application can use a DTD to verify that XML data is valid.

The HTML < h1 > to < h6 > tag is used to define headings in an HTML document.
→ < h1 > defines largest heading
→ < h6 > defines smallest heading.

When an ASP.NET file is placed on an IIS server and viewed through a browser, the resulting HTML page contains all HTML code.

Predefined Character Entities:
They are introduced to avoid the ambiguity while using some symbols.
For example, an ambiguity is observed when less than ( < ) or greater than ( > ) symbol is used with the angle tag (<>).
Character entities are basically used to delimit tags in XML.
Following is a list of predefined character entities from XML specification. These can be used to express characters without ambiguity.
Ampersand − &
Single quote − '
Greater than − >
Less than − <
Double quote − "

• HTML offers many of the conventional publishing idioms for rich text and structured documents, but what separates it from most other markup languages is its features for hypertext and interactive documents.
• This section introduces the link (or hyperlink, or Web link), the basic hypertext construct. A link is a connection from one Web resource to another. Although a simple concept, the link has been one of the primary forces driving the success of the Web.
• A link has two ends -- called anchors -- and a direction. The link starts at the "source" anchor and points to the "destination" anchor, which may be any Web resource (e.g., an image, a video clip, a sound bite, a program, an HTML document, an element within an HTML document, etc.)

(i)True: Because we are using “var” keyword.
(ii) False: Untyped means the operation of dividing integer by string would result in treating the first four bytes of strings as integer. This is because untyped take place directly on bits, there are no types to observe. Javascript is typed language.

A multimedia project is said to be hypertext and user interactive when users are given navigational control

A comment is a character, a line or a paragraph that is not considered as part of the XML code that needs to be processed. A comment allows you to insert notes or personal observations inside an XML file.
Syntax:

→Clear - Removes all keys and values from the session-state collection.
→Abandon - removes all the objects stored in a Session. If you do not call the Abandon method explicitly, the server removes these objects and destroys the session when the session times out.It also raises events like Session_End.

→The

tag is used to describe a term/name in a description list.
→The

tag is used in conjunction with

(defines a description list) and

(defines terms/names).
→Inside a

tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, lists, etc.

Three types of Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) are Inline,Internal and External

The < a > tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another. Default target
If no target is specified, the link will open in the current context, unless the user or browser specifies otherwise.
a target=”_blank” Open in New Browser Tab (or Window)
The target attribute specifies where the linked document will open when the link is clicked. The default is the current window. If target="_blank", the linked document will open in a new tab or (on older browsers) a new window.

The Trim function removes spaces on both sides of a string.
Trim(string)

→The write() method writes HTML expressions or JavaScript code to a document.
→Write HTML elements with text directly to the HTML document:
→document.write(" < h1 > Hello World!< /h1 > < p > Have a nice day! < /p > ");

→ Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some measures of interestingness.
→ This rule-based approach also generates new rules as it analyzes more data. The ultimate goal, assuming a large enough dataset, is to help a machine mimic the human brain’s feature extraction and abstract association capabilities from new uncategorized data.

● The text-align property sets the horizontal alignment (like left, right, or center) of the content in or .
● The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment (like top, bottom, or middle) of the content in or .

Common Gateway Interface(CGI) is a set of standards that defines how a dynamic web document should be written, how input data should be supplied to the program, and how the output result should be used.
→ CGI is often used to process inputs information from the user and produce the appropriate output.

XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is the recommended style sheet language for XML.
XSLT is far more sophisticated than CSS. With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file. You can also rearrange and sort elements, perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more.
XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML document.

The JavaScript this keyword refers to the object it belongs to.
It has different values depending on where it is used:
In a method, this refers to the owner object.
Alone, this refers to the global object.
In a function, this refers to the global object.
In an event, this refers to the element that received the event.
Methods like call(), and apply() can refer this to any object.
There are two alert boxes in the javascript code.So two messages will be displayed.
First message, alert(this.y) here this.y is global variable whose value is 12 So first message is “12”.
Second message is alert(y) , here “y” local variable and value is 6 so second message displays value “6”

→ ActiveX is a software framework created by Microsoft that adapts its earlier Component Object Model (COM) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technologies for content downloaded from a network, particularly from the World Wide Web.
→ Active X controls are Pentium binary programs that can be embedded in web pages.

A well-formed document in XML is a document that "adheres to the syntax rules specified by the XML 1.0 specification in that it must satisfy both physical and logical structures".
Well formed documents requirements:
1. Content be defined.
2. Content be delimited with a beginning and end tag
3. Content be properly nested (parents within roots, children within parents)

TRUE: A Java Servlet is a server-side component that runs on the web server and extends the capabilities of a server.
FALSE: A Servlet can not use the user interface classes like AWT or Swing.
→ Servlets can respond to any types of requests, they most commonly implement web containers for hosting web applications on web servers and thus qualify as a server-side servlet web API.

FALSE: Entities are used to display characters that have special HTML meaning, such as “<” and “>”.
FALSE: Once a web server returns a cookie to a browser, the cookie will be included in all future requests from the browser to the same server.

FALSE: XML tags are case-sensitive.
FALSE: In JavaScript, identifier names are not case-sensitive.
FALSE: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) can be used with XML.
FALSE: Somel well-formed XML documents must contain a document type definition.

HTML is not a programming language. It is a markup language. The abbreviation of HTML is hypertext markup language.

This tag is for address information, signatures, etc, normally at the top or bottom of a document. typically, it is italic and/or right justified or indented.
The format is:
< ADDRESS > text ... < / ADDRESS >

→ Java programming language whereas Javascript is script language.
→ Java can used to create the application independently.
→ JavaScript is used along with HTML mainly meant for validation.

Option(A): XML uses DTD to define the structure of an XML document. It defines the structure with a list of legal elements. Hence statement (a) is correct.
Option(B): XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is the recommended style sheet language for XML.XSLT is far more sophisticated than CSS. With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file. You can also rearrange and sort elements, perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more. XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML document.
Hence here XML is not using XSL to describe the data. So statement (b) is wrong.
Option(C): Everything in an XML document is a node:
The entire document is a document node
Every XML element is an element node
The text in the XML elements are text nodes
Every attribute is an attribute node
Comments are comment nodes
Hence statement (c) is correct.

P : True. Variables are typically not declared in scripting language is, so there is no opportunity to assign them a type.

Git is a distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development. It is designed for coordinating work among programmers, but it can be used to track changes in any set of files. Its goals include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.

→ A XML document is said to be well- formed if it has correct syntax like tags are case sensitive, elements must have closing tags, elements must be properly nested etc.
→ But when we associate a well formed XML document with a DTD( in which we define the structure of a document) and if that XML document validates all the definitions defined in DTD then that XML document is called as “valid” XML document.
→ Always remember that a “valid” XML document is also a “well-formed” XML document but a “well-formed” XML document is not necessarily a “valid” XML document
→ < ? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ? > is syntactically correct declaration for the version of an XML document.

"MVC" stands for "Model-View-Controller" and refers to three different realms of responsibility in the design of a graphical user interface.
When the MVC pattern is applied to a component, the model consists of the data that represents the current state of the component.
The view is simply the visual presentation of the component on the screen.
And the controller is the aspect of the component that carries out actions in response to events generated by the user (or by other sources such as timers).
The idea is to assign responsibility for the model, the view, and the controller to different objects.

The < script > tag is used to define a client-side script (JavaScript).
The < script > element either contains scripting statements, or it points to an external script file through the src attribute.
Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content.

Frame attribute → To specify the side of the table frame that display border
The < frame > tag defines one particular window (frame) within a < frameset >.
Each < frame > in a < frameset > can have different attributes, such as border, scrolling, the ability to resize, etc.
< tr > tag → To enclose each row in a table.
The < tr > tag defines a row in an HTML table.
A < tr > element contains one or more or elements
Valign attribute → for vertical alignment of content in cell
< a > tag → To create link in HTML

The most popular way to materialize XML document is to use XSLT ( eXtensible Stylesheet Language)

window. captureEvents(event)
window. captureEvents(event1 | event2 | eventN)
The captureEvents() method captures all the events of the event type passed.

The < a > tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another.
The most important attribute of the < a > element is the href attribute, which indicates the link's destination.
< a href = “https://www.solutionsadda.in”> one stop solution< / a >
In above example when you will click on “one stop solution” you will visit the website “https://www.solutionsadda.in”

The HTML < map > element is used with < area > elements to define an image map (a clickable link area).

-XML was designed to carry data - with focus on what data is
-HTML was designed to display data - with focus on how data looks
→ FALSE: HTML is a set of tags designed to tell browsers how to display text and images in a web page.
→ TRUE: XML defines a syntax for representing data, but the meaning of data varies from application to application.
→ TRUE: XML is case sensitive.

Plug-ins is automatically loaded and operate as part of the browser.

The < nav > tag defines a set of navigation links.
Notice that NOT all links of a document should be inside a < nav > element. The < nav > element is intended only for major blocks of navigation links.
Browsers, such as screen readers for disabled users, can use this element to determine whether to omit the initial rendering of this content.

The syntax for writing comments in XML is similar to that of HTML:
< !-- This is a comment -->

Limitations of the xml Data Type:
Note the following general limitations that apply to the xml data type:
The stored representation of xml data type instances cannot exceed 2 GB.
It cannot be used as a subtype of a sql_variant instance.
It does not support casting or converting to either text or ntext. Use varchar(max) or nvarchar(max) instead.
It cannot be compared or sorted. This means an xml data type cannot be used in a GROUP BY statement.
It cannot be used as a parameter to any scalar, built-in functions other than ISNULL, COALESCE, and DATALENGTH.
It cannot be used as a key column in an index. However, it can be included as data in a clustered index or explicitly added to a nonclustered index by using the INCLUDE keyword when the nonclustered index is created.
XML elements can be nested up to 128 levels.

For HTML5, the default character encoding is UTF-8.
This has not always been the case. The character encoding for the early web was ASCII.

A Processing Instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in the document, intended to carry instructions to the application.
Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.