Normalization
September 2, 2024SQL
| Question 39 |
Consider the following two tables and four queries in SQL.
Book (isbn, bname), Stock (isbn, copies)
Query 1: SELECT B.isbn, S.copies
FROM Book B INNER JOIN Stock S
ON B.isbn = S.isbn;
Query 2: SELECT B.isbn, S.copies
FROM Book B LEFT OUTER JOIN Stock S
ON B.isbn = S.isbn;
Query 3: SELECT B.isbn, S.copies
FROM Book B RIGHT OUTER JOIN Stock S
ON B.isbn = S.isbn;
Query 4: SELECT B.isbn, S.copies
FROM Book B FULL OUTER JOIN Stock S
ON B.isbn = S.isbn;
Which one of the queries above is certain to have an output that is a superset of the outputs of the other three queries?
| Query 1 | |
| Query 2 | |
| Query 3 | |
| Query 4 |
Question 39 Explanation:
Given two tables are,
Book (isbn, bname)
Stock (isbn, copies)
isbn is a primary key of Book and isbn is a foreign key of stock referring to Book table.
For example:
Query 1:
INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables (Book and Stock).
So, the result of Query 1 is,
Query 2:
The LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (Book) and the matched records from the right table (Stock).
The result is NULL from the right side, if there is no match.
So, the result of Query 2 is,
Query 3:
The RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (Stock), and the matched records from the left table(BOOK).
The result is NULL from the left side, when there is no match.
Query 4:
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword return all records when there is a match in either left (Book) or right (Stock) table records.
So, the result of Query 4 is,
Therefore, from the result of above four queries, a superset of the outputs of the Query 1, Query 2 and Query 3 is Query 4.
Note:
If we take isbn as a primary key in both the tables Book and Stock and foreign key, in one of the tables then also will get option (D) as the answer.
Book (isbn, bname)
Stock (isbn, copies)
isbn is a primary key of Book and isbn is a foreign key of stock referring to Book table.
For example:
Query 1:
INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables (Book and Stock).
So, the result of Query 1 is,
Query 2:
The LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (Book) and the matched records from the right table (Stock).
The result is NULL from the right side, if there is no match.
So, the result of Query 2 is,
Query 3:
The RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (Stock), and the matched records from the left table(BOOK).
The result is NULL from the left side, when there is no match.
Query 4:
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword return all records when there is a match in either left (Book) or right (Stock) table records.
So, the result of Query 4 is,
Therefore, from the result of above four queries, a superset of the outputs of the Query 1, Query 2 and Query 3 is Query 4.
Note:
If we take isbn as a primary key in both the tables Book and Stock and foreign key, in one of the tables then also will get option (D) as the answer.
Correct Answer: D
Question 39 Explanation:
Given two tables are,
Book (isbn, bname)
Stock (isbn, copies)
isbn is a primary key of Book and isbn is a foreign key of stock referring to Book table.
For example:
Query 1:
INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables (Book and Stock).
So, the result of Query 1 is,
Query 2:
The LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (Book) and the matched records from the right table (Stock).
The result is NULL from the right side, if there is no match.
So, the result of Query 2 is,
Query 3:
The RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (Stock), and the matched records from the left table(BOOK).
The result is NULL from the left side, when there is no match.
Query 4:
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword return all records when there is a match in either left (Book) or right (Stock) table records.
So, the result of Query 4 is,
Therefore, from the result of above four queries, a superset of the outputs of the Query 1, Query 2 and Query 3 is Query 4.
Note:
If we take isbn as a primary key in both the tables Book and Stock and foreign key, in one of the tables then also will get option (D) as the answer.
Book (isbn, bname)
Stock (isbn, copies)
isbn is a primary key of Book and isbn is a foreign key of stock referring to Book table.
For example:
Query 1:
INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables (Book and Stock).
So, the result of Query 1 is,
Query 2:
The LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (Book) and the matched records from the right table (Stock).
The result is NULL from the right side, if there is no match.
So, the result of Query 2 is,
Query 3:
The RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (Stock), and the matched records from the left table(BOOK).
The result is NULL from the left side, when there is no match.
Query 4:
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword return all records when there is a match in either left (Book) or right (Stock) table records.
So, the result of Query 4 is,
Therefore, from the result of above four queries, a superset of the outputs of the Query 1, Query 2 and Query 3 is Query 4.
Note:
If we take isbn as a primary key in both the tables Book and Stock and foreign key, in one of the tables then also will get option (D) as the answer.
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