A crime has been committed with four people at the scene of the crime. You are responsible for finding out who did it. You have recorded the following statements from the four witnesses, and you know one of them has committed the crime.
(1) Anuj says that Binky did it.
(2) Binky says that Anuj did it.
(3) Chacko says that Binky is telling the truth.
(4) Desmond says that Chacko is not lying.
You know that exactly three of the statements recorded are FALSE. Who committed the crime?

In the expression ‘Nothing is larger than itself’ the relation ‘is larger than’ is

Assertion (A) : There are more laws on the books today than ever before, and more crimes being committed than ever before.
Reason (R) : Because to reduce crime we must eliminate the laws.
Choose the correct answer from below :

If the proposition “All men are not mortal” is true then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the code given below :
1. “All men are mortal” is true.
2. “Some men are mortal” is false.
3. “No men are mortal” is doubtful.
4. “All men are mortal” is false.

Determine the nature of the following definition :
“Abortion” means the ruthless murdering of innocent beings.

Which one of the following is not an argument ?

Venn diagram is a kind of diagram to

Reasoning by analogy leads to

Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below :
1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.
2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong.
3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.
4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’.

A definition put forward to resolve a dispute by influencing attitudes or stirring emotions is called

Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements?
Statements:
(i) Venn diagram is a clear method of notation.
(ii) Venn diagram is the most direct method of testing the validity of categorical syllogisms.
(iii) In Venn diagram method the premises and the conclusion of a categorical syllogism is diagrammed.
(iv) In Venn diagram method the three overlapping circles are drawn for testing a categorical syllogism.

Inductive reasoning presupposes

If the statement ‘some men are honest’ is false, which among the following
statements will be true. Choose the correct code given below:
(i) All men are honest
(ii) No men are honest
(iii) Some men are not honest.
(iv) All men are dishonest.

Given below is a diagram of three circles A, B and C over-lapping each other? The circle A represents the class of honest people, the circle B represent the class of sincere people and circle C represents the class of politicians. p, q, r, s, U, X, Y represent different regions. Select the code that represents the region indicating the class of honest politicians who are not sincere.

“A man ought no more to value himself for being wiser than a woman if he owes his advantage to a better education, than he ought to boast of his courage for beating a man when his hands were tied.” The above passage is an instance of

By which of the following proposition, the proposition “wise men are hardly afraid of death” is contradicted?

When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called

Namita and Samita are brilliant and studious. Anita and karabi are obedient and irregular. Babita and Namita are irregular but brilliant. Samita and Kabita are regular and obedient. Who among them is/are brilliant, obedient, regular and studious?

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship between them is called

Ananaya and Krishna can speak and follow English. Bulbul can write and speak Hindi as Archana does. Archana talks with Ananya also in Bengali. Krishna can not follow Bengali. Bulbul talks with Ananya in Hindi. Who can speak and follow English, Hindi and Bengali?

A stipulative definition may be said to be

When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called

Saturn and Mars are planets like the earth. They borrow light from the Sun and moves around the sun as the Earth does. So those planets are inhabited by various orders of creatures as the earth is
What type of argument is contained in the above passage?

Given below are two premises. Four conclusions are drawn from those two premises in four codes. Select the code that states the conclusion validly drawn.
Premises:
(i) All saints are religious. (major)
(ii) Some honest persons are saints. (minor)

Yadav, Arjun, Rajesh and Kamal play cricket. Rajesh and Kamal play tennis but do not play football. Yadav does not play Badminton but play golf. Arjun does not play tennis. Kamal sometimes plays Badminton. Who does play only cricket ?

A deductive argument can not be valid :

An analogical argument is strengthened by

If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ?

What is equivalent of the statement ‘All atheists are pessimists’ ?

“If a large diamond is cut up into little bits it will lose its value just as an army is divided up into small units of soldiers. It loses its strength.” The argument put above may be called as

Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character.

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but cannot both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called

Given below are two premises and four conclusions drawn from those premises. Select the code that expresses conclusion drawn validly from the premises (separately or jointly).
Premises:
(a) All dogs are mammals.
(b) No cats are dogs.
Conclusions:
(i) No cats are mammals
(ii) Some cats are mammals.
(iii) No Dogs are cats
(iv) No dogs are non-mammals.

Given below is a diagram of three circles A, B & C inter-related with each of Indians. The circle B represents the class of scientists and circle C represents the class of politicians. p,q,r,s… represent different regions. Select the code containing the region that indicates the class of Indian scientists who are not politicians.

If two propositions are connected in such a way that they cannot both be false although they may both be true, then their relationship is called

Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument?

Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument:

Given below are two premises, with four conclusions drawn from them (taking singly or together); which conclusions are validly drawn? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Premises:
(i) All bats are mammals.
(ii) Birds are not bats.
Conclusions:
(a) Birds are not mammals.
(b) Bats are not birds.
(c) All mammals are bats.
(d) Some mammals are bats.

When a definition implies a proposal to use the definiendum to mean what is meant by the definiens it is called

Select the code which is not correct:
An analogical argument is strengthened by

Among the following statements two are contradictory to each other. Select the correct code that represents them:
Statements:
(a) All poets are philosophers.
(b) Some poets are philosophers.
(c) Some poets are not philosophers.
(d) No philosopher is a poet.

When the purpose of a definition is to explain the use or to eliminate ambiguity the definition is called:

A deductive argument is invalid if:

Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements? Select the code:
Statements:
(a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically.
(b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding.
(c) Venn diagram may be called valid or invalid.
(d) Venn diagram is clear method of notation.

Inductive reasoning is grounded on:

If we want to seek new knowledge of facts about the world, we must rely on reason of the type:

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code:
Propositions:
(a) All women are equal to men
(b) Some women are equal to men
(c) Some women are not equal to men
(d) No women are equal to men

Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises:

Given below two premise and four conclusions are drawn from them (taking singly or together). Select the code that states the conclusion validly drawn.
Premises: (i) All religious persons are emotional.
(ii) Ram is a religious person.
Conclusion: (a) Ram is emotional.
(b) All emotional persons are religious.
(c) Ram is not a non-religious person.
(d) Some religious persons are not emotional.

If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true?