Validity-of-Arguments

Question 1
If some pens are pencils but no pencil is sharpener then
A) All pencils are pens
B) Some sharpeners are pencils
C) Some pens are not sharpener
D) Some pencils are not pens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A
(A) and (C) only
B
(B) and (C) only
C
(A) and (D) only
D
(B) and (D) only
Question 1 Explanation: 

→ All pencils are pens and Some pens are not sharpener
Note: Statement-B is definitely FALSE. So, Option-B and D are definitely wrong.
No pencil is sharpener
Then
some sharpeners are pencils ==> it is false
So we can eliminate Options consists of statement-B
Now answer is either A & C or A &D But most suitable is A &C
Question 2
"If I were, a heavy smoker, smoking would shorten my life. That's why I do not smoke. And I except to live a long and healthy life". Which fallacy is committed in the above argument?
A
Existential fallacy
B
Undistributed middle
C
Affirming the consequent
D
Denying the antecedent
Question 3
Identify the fallacy committed in the following argument: "My opponent cheated on his taxes. He hired an illegal migrant as a nanny. His views on tax reforms simply cannot be trusted".
A
Inappropriate authority
B
Ad hominem
C
Appeal to ignorance
D
Begging the question
Question 4
Which of the following statement is logically equivalent to the statement "All tigers are hunting animals"?
A
Some hunting animals are tigers.
B
No tigers are non-hunting animals.
C
No hunting animals are tigers.
D
Some hunting animals are not tigers.
Question 5
Which of the following statements are contradictory to each other?
A. All human beings are mortal.
B. No human beings are mortal.
C. Some human beings are mortal.
D. Some human beings are not mortal.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A
A and B only
B
B and C only
C
C and D only
D
B and D only
Question 6

Refer the statement and solve the question according to the conclusions.
Statement:
Some Pigeons are Bird;
Some Birds are Alive
Conclusion:
(I) Some Pigeons are Alive
(II) Some Birds are Pigeons
A
Only (I) follows
B
Only (II) follows
C
Both (I) & (II) follows
D
None follows
Question 6 Explanation: 
Question 7

Directions for question number 13 to 15:
Relationship between different elements is provided in the statements. The statements are followed by conclusions. Study the conclusions based on the given statement and choose the correct answer.
Q13: T >= U = V <= W < X; V >= Y
Conclusions:
(I) Y <= T
(II) U >= X
A
if only conclusion (I) follows
B
if only conclusion (II) follows
C
if neither (I) nor (II) conclusion follows
D
if both (I) and (II) conclusions follow
Question 7 Explanation: 
T >= U = V <= W < X; V >= Y
T>= U= V>= Y
Y <= T
Question 8

Directions for question number 13 to 15:
Relationship between different elements is provided in the statements. The statements are followed by conclusions. Study the conclusions based on the given statement and choose the correct answer.
Q13: T >= U = V <= W < X; V >= Y
Q14. P <= Q <= R > S; T >= R; S >= U
Conclusions:
(I) T > S
(II) U < R
A
if only conclusion (I) follows
B
if only conclusion (II) follows
C
if neither (I) nor (II) conclusion follows
D
if both (I) and (II) conclusions follow
Question 8 Explanation: 
P <= Q <= R > S; T >= R; S >= U
T >= R > S R > S>=U
T>S U
There are 8 questions to complete.

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