Handshaking theorem states that the sum of degrees of the vertices of a graph is twice the number of edges.

If G=(V,E) be a graph with E edges,then-

Σ deg_G(V) = 2E

This theorem applies even if multiple edges and loops are present.

Since the given graph is undirected, every edge contributes as twice in sum of degrees. So the sum of degrees is 2e.

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in telephone wiring and local area networks (LANs).
There are five types of UTP cables -- identified with the prefix CAT, as in category -- each supporting a different amount of bandwidth.g a different amount of bandwidth.

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address.

A media access control address (MAC address) of a device is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC).
MAC addresses are recognizable as six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens, colons, or no separator.
Option (A) is example for IP address
Option (B) and (C ) are not examples for any address representation in computer
01:A5:BB:A7:FF:60 is the MAC address which consists of six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens, colons, or no separator.

1. A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical group of workstations, servers and network devices that appear to be on the same LAN despite their geographical distribution. A VLAN allows a network of computers and users to communicate in a simulated environment as if they exist in a single LAN and are sharing a single broadcast and multicast domain.
2. Higher-end switches allow the functionality and implementation of VLANs.
3. VLANs address issues such as scalability, security, and network management. Network architects set up VLANs to provide network segmentation

SHA-1 produces a 160-bit hash value or message digests from the inputted data (data that requires encryption), which resembles the hash value of the MD5 algorithm.

The Advanced Encryption Standard, or AES, is a symmetric block cipher chosen by the U.S. government to protect classified information.
AES is Symmetric key algorithm

Explanation: An operating system has three main functions:
(1) manage the computer’s resources, such as the central processing unit, memory, and other input – output sources
(2) establish a user interface, and
(3) execute and provide services for applications software.
OS provides an interface between the user and the hardware and thus making the computer easy to use for the user but the primary function of OS is to manage the hardware in the most efficient way.

From the below process state diagram, we can easily that the option (B) is correct.

Scan is disk scheduling algorithm
In the round robin algorithm, each process will execute for particular time quantum,So it is the example for time sharing,
Stack is last in first out(LIFO)
In the batching processing, whatever process arrives first, it execute that process. So it First in First out(FIFO)

A page fault is a type of exception raised by computer hardware when a running program accesses a memory page that is not currently mapped by the memory management unit (MMU) into the virtual address space of a process

Given Expression = A + (B – C)* D

Prefix Notation:

A + (- B C) * D

A + (* - B C D)

+ A * - B C D

Given the function f(x) = (e^-22^x)/x!

Poisson Formula. Suppose we conduct a Poisson experiment, in which the average number of successes within a given region is μ.

Then, the Poisson probability is: P(x; μ) = (e^-μ) (μ^x) / x!

where x is the actual number of successes that result from the experiment, and e is approximately equal to 2.71828.

From the given function the “μ” value is 2 which is the mean.

Number of min resources required = (3-1) + (4-1) + (6-1) + 1 = 11

Following is the Gantt diagram:



Average Waiting Time = (30 + 3 + 3 + 18)/ 5 = 10.8

The range of integers that can be represented by n bit 2’s complement number system is -2^n-1 to (2^n-1 – 1).

After determining the effective address, the value in the base register is incremented by the size of the data item that is to be accessed.
For example, (A7)+ would access the content of the address register A7, then increase the address pointer of A7 by 1 (usually 1 word). Within a loop, this addressing mode can be used to step through all the elements of an array or vector.

1. An absolute address is represented by the contents of a register. This addressing mode is absolute in the sense that it is not specified relative to the current instruction address.

2. Indirect addressing is a scheme in which the address specifies which memory word or register contains not the operand but the address of the operand.

Immediate Operand:

The simplest way for an instruction to specify an operand is for the address part of the instruction actually to contain the operand itself rather than an address or other information describing where the operand is. Such an operand is called an immediate operand because it is automatically fetched from memory at the same time the instruction itself is fetched. It is immediately available for use.

Index mode:

The address of the operand is obtained by adding to the contents of the general register (called index register) a constant value. The number of the index register and the constant value are included in the instruction code