Linear-Algebra
Question 1 |
3 |
Question 2 |
Find the inverse of the matrix
-λ3 + 2λ2 - 2 = 0
Using Cayley-Hamiltonian theorem
-A3 + 2A2 - 2I = 0
So, A-1 = 1/2 (2A - A2)
Solving we get,
Question 3 |
The tank of matrix is:
0 | |
1 | |
2 | |
3 |
Question 4 |
In a compact single dimensional array representation for lower triangular matrices (i.e all the elements above the diagonal are zero) of size n × n, non-zero elements (i.e elements of the lower triangle) of each row are stored one after another, starting from the first row, the index of the (i, j)th element of the lower triangular matrix in this new representation is:
i + j | |
i + j - 1 | |
j + i(i-1)/2 | |
i + j(j-1)/2 |
If we assume array index starting from 1 then, ith row contains i number of non-zero elements. Before ith row there are (i-1) rows, (1 to i-1) and in total these rows has 1+2+3......+(i-1) = i(i-1)/2 elements.
Now at ith row, the jth element will be at j position.
So the index of (i, j)th element of lower triangular matrix in this new representation is
j = i(i-1)/2
Question 5 |
Let A and B be real symmetric matrices of size n × n. Then which one of the following is true?
AA′ = 1 | |
A = A-1 | |
AB = BA | |
(AB)' = BA |
Question 6 |
Let A be the set of all non-singular matrices over real number and let* be the matrix multiplication operation. Then
A is closed under* but < A, *> is not a semigroup | |
Question 7 |
In the interval [0, π] the equation x = cos x has
No solution | |
Exactly one solution | |
Exactly two solutions | |
An infinite number of solutions |
x & cos(x) are intersecting at only one point.
Question 8 |
The rank of the following (n + 1)×(n+1) matrix, where a is a real number is
1 | |
2 | |
n | |
Depends on the value of a |
Question 9 |
Let A and B be two n×n matrices over real numbers. Let rank(M) and det(M) denote the rank and determinant of a matrix M, respectively. Consider the following statements,
- I. rank(AB) = rank(A) rank(B)
II. det(AB) = det(A) det(B)
III. rank(A + B) ≤ rank(A) + rank(B)
IV. det(A + B) ≤ det(A) + det(B)
Which of the above statements are TRUE?
I and II only
| |
I and IV only | |
III and IV only | |
II and III only
|
Rank is the number of independent rows(vectors) of a matrix. On product of two matrices, the combined rank is more than the sum of individual matrices (subtracted with the order n)
det(AB) = det(A)∙det(B) as the magnitude remains same for the matrices after multiplication.
Note: We can just take a 2x2 matrix and check the options.
Question 10 |
Let A be the 2×2 matrix with elements a11 = a12 = a21 = +1 and a22 = -1. Then the eigenvalues of the matrix A19 are
1024 and -1024 | |
1024√2 and -1024√2 | |
4√2 and -4√2 | |
512√2 and -512√2 |
The 2×2 matrix =
Cayley Hamilton theorem:
If matrix A has ‘λ’ as eigen value, An has eigen value as λn.
Eigen value of
|A-λI| = 0
-(1-λ)(1+λ)-1 = 0
-(1-λ2 )-1 = 0
-1 = 1-λ2
λ2 = 2
λ = ±√2
A19 has (√2)19 = 29×√2 (or) (-√2)19 = -512√2
= 512√2
Question 11 |
Let and be two matrices such that AB = I. Let and CD = 1. Express the elements of D in terms of the elements of B.
Theory Explanation. |
Question 12 |
The matrices and commute under multiplication
if a = b or θ = nπ, is an integer | |
always | |
never | |
if a cos θ ≠ b sin θ |
Question 13 |
Let Ax = b be a system of linear equations where A is an m × n matrix and b is a m × 1 column vector and X is a n × 1 column vector of unknowns. Which of the following is false?
The system has a solution if and only if, both A and the augmented matrix [A b] have the same rank.
| |
If m < n and b is the zero vector, then the system has infinitely many solutions. | |
If m = n and b is non-zero vector, then the system has a unique solution. | |
The system will have only a trivial solution when m = n, b is the zero vector and rank (A) = n. |
→ Solution can be depends on rank of matrix A and matrix [A B].
→ If rank[A] = rank[A B] then it can have solution otherwise no solution.
Question 14 |
Let A = (aij) be an n-rowed square matrix and I12 be the matrix obtained by interchanging the first and second rows of the n-rowed Identify matrix. Then AI12 is such that its first
row is the same as its second row | |
row is the same as the second row of A | |
column is the same as the second column of A | |
row is all zero |
So, we can see that column 1 and 2 got interchanged.
Question 15 |
The determinant of the matrix is is:
11 | |
-48 | |
0 | |
-24 |
Question 16 |
Derive the expression for the number of expressions required to solve a system of linear equations in n unknowns using the Gaussian Elimination Method. Assume that one operation refers to a multiplication followed by an addition.
Theory Explanation. |
Question 17 |
The rank of the matrix given below is:
1 4 8 7 0 0 3 0 4 2 3 1 3 12 24 2
3 | |
1 | |
2 | |
4 |
Question 18 |
Consider the following determinant
Which of the following is a factor of Δ?
a+b | |
a-b | |
a+b+c | |
abc |
Question 19 |
Consider the following set of equations
x + 2y = 5 4x + 8y = 12 3x + 6y + 3z = 15
This set
has unique solution | |
has no solutions | |
has finite number of solutions | |
has infinite number of solutions |
Question 20 |
The determinant of the matrix is
is:
4 | |
0 | |
15 | |
20 |
Question 21 |
An n x n array v is defined as follows:
v[i,j] = i-j for all i,j, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, 1 ≤ j ≤ n
The sum of the elements of the array v is
0 | |
n -1 | |
n2 - 3n + 2 | |
n2 (n+1)/2 |
Add ith row and jth column if we zero, apply to all row and their corresponding column the total becomes zero.
Question 22 |
Consider the following statements:
- S1: The sum of two singular n × n matrices may be non-singular
S2: The sum of two n × n non-singular matrices may be singular.
Which of the following statements is correct?
S1 and S2 are both true | |
S1 is true, S2 is false | |
S1 is false, S2 is true | |
S1 and S2 are both false |
Question 23 |
(a) Obtain the eigen values of the matrix
(b) Determine whether each of the following is a tautology, a contradiction, or neither (“∨” is disjunction, “∧” is conjunction, “→” is implication, “¬” in negation, and “↔” is biconditional (if and only if).
(i) A ↔ (A ∨ A) (ii) (A ∨ B) → B (iii) A ∧(¬(A ∨ B)
Theory Explanation is given below. |
Eigen value of upper/ lower triangular matrix are the diagonal elements of matrix.
(b) (i) A↔(A∨A): This can tells that if A then (A or A)and if (A or A) then A. It represents result as a tautology.
(ii) (A∨B)→B: This is neither tautology nor contradiction.
(iii) A∧(¬(A∨B)): here when A is true then (¬(A∨B)) is false, then it results contradiction.
Question 24 |
The rank of the matrix is
4 | |
2 | |
1 | |
0 |
Question 25 |
Consider the following system of linear equation
Notice that the second and the third columns of the coefficient matrix are linearly dependent. For how many values of α, does this system of equations have infinitely many solutions?
0 | |
1 | |
2 | |
infinitely many |
This is in the form AX = B
⇒ R(AB) < n [If we want infinitely many solution]
then -1+5α = 0
5α = 1
α = 1/5 There is only one value of α. System can have infinitely many solutions.
Question 26 |
If the matrix A4, calculated by the use of Cayley-Hamilton theorem or otherwise, is _________
A4 = I |
(1-λ) (-1-λ) (i-λ) (-i-λ)
= (λ2-1) (λ2+1)
= λ4-1
Characteristic equation is λ4-1 = 0.
According to Cayley-Hamilton theorem, every matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation, so
A4 = I
Question 27 |
The eigen vector(s) of the matrix
is (are)
(0,0,α ) | |
(α,0,0) | |
(0,0,1) | |
(0,α,0) | |
Both B and D |
So the question as has
(A - λI)X = 0
AX = 0
What x1, x2, x3 are suitable?
Which means:
x1 times column 1 + x2 times column 2 + x3 times column 3 = zero vector
Since α is not equal to zero, so x3 must be necessarily zero to get zero vector.
Hence, only (B) and (D) satisfies.
Question 28 |
The number of integer-triples (i.j.k) with 1 ≤ i.j.k ≤ 300 such that i + j + k is divisible by 3 is ________
Fill in the blanks. |
Question 29 |
There exists a bijection from S1to S2. | |
There does not exist a bijection from S1to S2. | |
There exists a surjection from S1to S2. | |
There does not exist an injunction from S1to S2. |
The number of functions from a set A to set B is |B|^|A|.
S2: |B|= 3, |A|= n^2-1 +1 = n^2.
we have number of functions 3^(n^2).
S1: there are n*n positions in a matrix of size nxn. Each can be filled with either 0 or 1 or 2 i,e, in 3^(n^2)
As there are equal number of elements on both sides, S1->S2 can be one one , onto as well bijection
Question 30 |
4 |
Question 31 |
If matrix and X2 - X + I = 0 (I is the Identity matrix and 0 is the zero matrix), then the inverse of X is:
Question 32 |
Let H1, H2, H3, ... be harmonic numbers. Then, for n ∈ Z+, can be expressed as
nHn+1 – (n + 1) | |
(n + 1)Hn – n | |
(n + 1)Hn – n | |
(n+1)Hn+1 – (n+1) |
Question 33 |
Let A be an Let A be an n × n matrix of the following form.
What is the value of the determinant of A?
Find its determinant, Determinant = 3.
Now check options, by putting n=1, I am getting following results,
A) 5
B) 7
C) 3
D) 3
(A), (B) can't be the answer.
Now, check for n=2, Determinant = 9-1 = 8.
Put n=2 in (C), (D)
C) 7
D) 8
So, (D) is the answer.
Question 34 |
What values of x, y and z satisfy the following system of linear equations?
x = 6, y = 3, z = 2 | |
x = 12, y = 3, z = -4 | |
x = 6, y = 6, z = -4 | |
x = 12, y = -3, z = 0 |
Question 35 |
The determinant of the matrix given below is
-1 | |
0 | |
1 | |
2 |
determinant = product of diagonal element [upper triangular matrix]
= -1 * 1 * 1 * 1
= -1
Question 36 |
−1
| |
0 | |
1 | |
2 |
Question 37 |
There exist at least m-n linearly independent solutions to this system
| |
There exist m-n linearly independent vectors such that every solution is a linear combination of these vectors | |
There exists a non-zero solution in which at least m-n variables are 0 | |
There exists a solution in which at least n variables are non-zero |
Question 38 |
Consider the following set of linear operations:
x + y/2 = 9
3x + y = 10
The value of the Frobenius norm for the above system of equations is:
0.5 | |
0.75 | |
1.5 | |
2.0 |
Question 39 |
Consider the following set of linear operations:
x + y/2 = 9
3x + y = 10
What can be said about the Gauss-Siedel iterative method for solving the above set of linear equations?
it will converge | |
it will diverse | |
it will neither converge nor diverse | |
It is not applicable |
|1| + |1/2| <= |9|
and |3| + |1| <= |10|