An unrestricted use of the “goto” statement is harmful because

What is the value of X printed by the following program?

 program COMPUTE (input, output);
    var
                  X:integer;
    procedure FIND (X:real);
                  begin
                  X:=sqrt(X);
                  end;
   begin
                  X:=2
                  Find(X)
                  Writeln(X)
   end 

What value would the following function return for the input x=95?

                 Function fun (x:integer):integer;
      Begin
                 If x > 100 then fun = x - 10
                 Else fun = fun(fun(x + 11))
      End;  

What is the result of the following program?

program side-effect (input, output);
    var x, result: integer;
    function f (var x:integer):integer;
    begin
        x:x+1;f:=x;
    end;
begin
    x:=5;
    result:=f(x)*f(x);
    writeln(result);
end; 

Given the programming constructs (i) assignment (ii) for loops where the loop parameter cannot be changed within the loop (iii) if-then-else (iv) forward go to (v) arbitrary go to (vi) non-recursive procedure call (vii) recursive procedure/function call (viii) repeat loop, which constructs will you not include in a programming language such that it should be possible to program the terminates (i.e., halting) function in the same programming language.

Consider the following program

                Program P2 
                   var n: int: 
                   procedure W(var x: int) 
                   begin 
                          x=x+1; 
                          print x;   
                   end 

                procedure D 
                begin  
                          var n: int; 
                          n=3; 
                          W(n);  
                End 
            begin               //beginP2 
                n=10; 
                D; 
            end  

If the language has dynamic scoping and parameters are passed by reference, what will be printed by the program?

Program PARAM (input, output);
 var m, n : integer;
 procedure P (var, x, y : integer);
    var m : integer;
    begin
      m : = 1;
      x : = y + 1
    end;
 procedure Q (x:integer; vary : integer);
    begin
      x:=y+1;
    end;
 begin
    m:=0; P(m,m); write (m);
    n:=0; Q(n*1,n); write (n)
 end 

The value of n, output by the program PARAM is:

Program PARAM (input, output);
 var m, n : integer;
 procedure P (var, x, y : integer);
    var m : integer;
    begin
      m : = 1;
      x : = y + 1
    end;
 procedure Q (x:integer; vary : integer);
    begin
      x:=y+1;
    end;
 begin
    m:=0; P(m,m); write (m);
    n:=0; Q(n*1,n); write (n)
 end 

What is the scope of m declared in the main program?

What does the following code do?

 var a, b : integer;
 begin
    a:=a+b;
    b:=a-b;
    a:=a-b
 end; 

Program PARAM (input, output);
 var m, n : integer;
 procedure P (var, x, y : integer);
    var m : integer;
    begin
      m : = 1;
      x : = y + 1
    end;
 procedure Q (x:integer; vary : integer);
    begin
      x:=y+1;
    end;
 begin
    m:=0; P(m,m); write (m);
    n:=0; Q(n*1,n); write (n)
 end 

The value of m, output by the program PARAM is:

Consider the following C program:

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct 
{
    char *a;
    char *b;
} t;
void f1(t s);
void f2(t *p);
main()
{
    static t s = {"A", "B"};
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    f1(s);
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    f2(&s);
}
void f1(t s)
{
    s.a = "U";
    s.b = "V";
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    return;
}
void f2(t *p)
{
    p -> a  = "V";
    p -> b = "W";
    printf("%s %sn", p -> a, p -> b);
    return;
} 

Choose the correct option to fill the ?1 and ?2 so that the program prints an input string in reverse order. Assume that the input string is terminated by a new line character.

#include 
void wrt_it (void);
int main (void)
{
    printf("Enter Text"); 
    printf ("n");
    wrt_ it();
    printf ("n");
    return 0;
}
void wrt_it (void)
{
    int c;
    if (?1)
        wrt_it();
    ?2
} 

What is the output of the following program?

#include <stdio.h>
int funcf (int x);
int funcg (int y);

main()
{
    int x = 5, y = 10, count;
    for (count = 1; count <= 2; ++count)
    {
        y += funcf(x) + funcg(x);
        printf ("%d ", y);
    }
}

funcf(int x)
{
    int y;
    y = funcg(x);
    return (y);
}

funcg(int x)
{
    static int y = 10;
    y += 1;
    return (y+x);
}

Consider the following C program which is supposed to compute the transpose of a given 4 x 4 matrix M. Note that, there is an X in the program which indicates some missing statements. Choose the correct option to replace X in the program.

#include<stdio.h>
#define ROW 4
#define COL 4
int M[ROW][COL] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
main()
{
    int i, j, t;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        X
    }
    for (1 = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
            printf ("%d", M[i][j]);
}

A program attempts to generate as many permutations as possible of the string, 'abcd' by pushing the characters a, b, c, d in the same order onto a stack, but it may pop off the top character at any time. Which one of the following strings CANNOT be generated using this program?

Let x be an integer which can take a value of 0 or 1. The statement if(x = =0) x = 1; else x = 0; is equivalent to which one of the following?

What is the output printed by the following program?

#include
int f(int n, int k)
{
    if (n == 0)
        return 0;
    else if (n % 2)
        return f(n/2, 2*k) + k;
    else return f(n/2, 2*k) - k;
}
int main ()
{
    printf("%d", f(20, 1));
    return 0;
}

Let a be an array containing n integers in increasing order. The following algorithm determines whether there are two distinct numbers in the array whose difference is a specified number S > 0.

i = 0;
j = 1;
while (j < n )
{
    if (E) j++;
    else if (a[j] - a[i] == S) break;
    else i++;
}
if (j < n)
    printf("yes")
else
   printf ("no"); 

Choose the correct expression for E.

The following C function takes a singly-linked list of integers as a parameter and rearranges the elements of the list. The list is represented as pointer to a structure. The function is called with the list containing the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the given order. What will be the contents of the list after the function completes execution?

struct node {
    int value; 
    struct node *next;
);
void rearrange (struct node *list) 
{
    struct node *p, *q;
    int temp;
    if (!list || !list -> next) 
        return;
    p = list; 
    q = list -> next;
    while (q) 
    {
        temp = p -> value;
        p -> value = q -> value;
        q -> value = temp;
        p = q -> next;
        q = p ? p -> next : 0;
    }
} 

The following C function takes two ASCII strings and determines whether one is an anagram of the other. An anagram of a string s is a string obtained by permuting the letters in s.

int anagram (char *a, char *b) {
     int count [128], j;
     for (j = 0;  j < 128; j++) count[j] = 0;
     j = 0;
     while (a[j] && b[j]) {
       A;
       B;
}
for (j = 0; j < 128; j++) if (count [j]) return 0;
return 1;
} 

Choose the correct alternative for statements A and B.

The following function computes the value of ^mC_n correctly for all legal values m and n (m≥1,n≥0 and m>n)

 int func(int m, int n)
{
    if (E) return 1;
    else return(func(m - 1, n) + func(m - 1, n - 1));
}

In the above function, which of the following is the correct expression for E?

#include 
void swap (int *x, int *y)
{
    static int *temp;
    temp = x;
    x = y;
    y = temp;
}
void printab ()
{
    static int i, a = -3, b = -6;
    i = 0;
    while (i <= 4)
    {
        if ((i++)%2 == 1) continue;
        a = a + i;
        b = b + i;
    }
    swap (&a, &b);
    printf("a =  %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
}
main()
{
    printab();
    printab();
}

Which one of the choices given below would be printed when the following program is executed?

#include 
int a1[] = {6, 7, 8, 18, 34, 67};
int a2[] = {23, 56, 28, 29};
int a3[] = {-12, 27, -31};
int *x[] = {a1, a2, a3};
void print(int *a[])
{
            printf("%d,", a[0][2]);
            printf("%d,", *a[2]);
            printf("%d,", *++a[0]);
            printf("%d,", *(++a)[0]);
            printf("%d/n", a[-1][+1]);
}
main()
{
             print(x);
}

Which one of the choices given below would be printed when the following program is executed?

#include 
struct test {
               int i;
               char *c;
}st[] = {5, "become", 4, "better", 6, "jungle", 8, "ancestor", 7, "brother"};
main ()
{ 
    struct test *p = st;
    p += 1;
    ++p -> c;
    printf("%s,", p++ -> c);
    printf("%c,", *++p -> c);
    printf("%d,", p[0].i);
    printf("%s n", p -> c);
}

The function f is defined as follows:

int f (int n) {
       if (n <= 1) return 1;
       else if (n % 2  ==  0) return f(n/2);
       else return f(3n - 1);
} 

For the program given below what will be printed by the write statements marked (1) and (2) in the program if the variables are dynamically scoped?

Var x, y:interger; 
procedure P(n:interger);
begin
     x := (n+2)/(n-3);
end;

procedure Q 
Var x, y:interger;
begin   
    x:=3;
    y:=4; 
    P(y);
    Write(x);                                __(1)
end;
 
begin
    x:=7;
    y:=8;
    Q; 
    Write(x);                                __(2)
end.

Study the following program written in a block-structured language:

Var x, y:interger; 
procedure P(n:interger);
begin
     x:=(n+2)/(n-3);
end;

procedure Q 
Var x, y:interger;
begin   
    x:=3;
    y:=4; 
    P(y);
    Write(x)                                __(1)
end;
 
begin
    x:=7;
    y:=8;
    Q; 
Write(x);                                   __(2) 
end.

What will be printed by the write statements marked (1) and (2) in the program if the variables are statically scoped?