In a software project, COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is used to estimate

The diagram that helps in understanding and representing user requirements for a software project using UML (Unified Modeling Language) is:

A software organization has been assessed at SEI CMM Level 4. Which of the following does the organization need to practice beside Process Change Management and Technology Change Management in order to achieve Level 5?

A software configuration management tool helps is

In a particular Unix OS, each data block is of size 1024 bytes, each node has 10 direct data block addresses and three additional addresses: one for single indirect block, one for double indirect block and one for triple indirect block. Also, each block can contain addresses for 128 blocks. Which one of the following is approximately the maximum size of a file in the file system?

A software project involves execution of 5 tasks T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 of duration 10, 15, 18, 30 and 40 days, respectively. T2 and T4 can start only after T1 completes. T3 can start after T2 completes. T5 can start only after both T3 and T4 complete. What is the slack time of the task T3 in days?

Consider the following program module:

int module1 (int x, int y) {
    while (x! = y) {
        if (x > y)
             x = x - y,
        else y = y - x;
        }
    return x;
}

Assume that the delivered lines of code L of a software is related to the effort E in person months and duration t in calendar months by the relation L = P* (E/B)^1/3 * t^4/3, where P and B are two constants for the software process and skills factor. For a software project, the effort was estimated to be 20 person months and the duration was estimated to be 8 months. However, the customer asked the project team to complete the software project in 4 months. What would be the required effort in person months?

A software was tested using the error seeding strategy in which 20 errors were seeded in the code. When the code was tested using the complete test suite, 16 of the seeded errors were detected. The same test suite also detected 200 non-seeded errors. What is the estimated number of undetected errors in the code after this testing?

What is the availability of a software with the following reliability figures?

Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) = 25 days 
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) = 6 hours 

The Function Point (FP) calculated for a software project are often used to obtain an estimate of Lines of Code (LOC) required for that project. Which of the following statements is FALSE in this context.

The availability of a complex software is 90%. Its Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) is 200 days. Because of the critical nature of the usage, the organization deploying the software further enhanced it to obtain an availability of 95%. In the process, the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) increased by 5 days.
What is the MTBF of the enhanced software?

In a data flow diagram, the segment shown below is identified as having transaction flow characteristics, with p2 identified as the transaction center

A first level architectural design of this segment will result in a set of process modules with an associated invocation sequence. The most appropriate architecture is

In the Spiral model of software development, the primary determinant in selecting activities in each iteration is

The following table shoes the time between failures for a software system

The reliability of the system for one hour of operation assuming an exponential model is

In the simplified flowchart given below, the shaded boxes represent code that is executed during a test case.

The Branch coverage is

Consider the CPM activity chart where an arc connecting two milestones is labeled with a task identifier and the time taken in days. For example in order to go from A to B, task T1 takes 180 days. A dashed line depicts an additional dependency that is equivalent to a zero time task.

The set of activities that lie on the critical path are

Consider the following pseudo-code:

 IF ((A > B) AND (C > D)) THEN
       A = A + 1
       B = B + 1
       ENDIF

The cyclomatic complexity of the pseudo-code is

Which of the following are NOT considered when computing function points for a software project?

(O1) External inputs and outputs
(O2) Programming language to be used for the implementation
(O3) User interactions
(O4) External interfaces
(O5) Number of programmers in the software project
(O6) Files used by the system

A software project plan has identified ten tasks with each having dependencies as given in the following table:

         Task            Depends On  

          T1                 -  

          T2                T1  

          T3                T1  

          T4                T1  

          T5                T2  

          T6                T3  

          T7                T3, T4  

          T8                T4  

          T9                T5, T7, T8  

          T10               T6, T9 

Answer the following questions:

(Q1) What is the maximum number of tasks that can be done concurrently?
(Q2) What is the minimum time required to complete the project, assuming that each task requires one time unit and there is no restriction on the number of tasks that can be done in parallel?

The cyclomatic complexity of the flow graph of a program provides

With respect to software testing, consider a flow graph G with one connected component. Let E be the number of edges, N be the number of nodes, and P be the number of predicate nodes of G. Consider the following four expressions:
1. E – N + P
2. E – N + 2
3. P + 2
4. P + 1
The cyclomatic complexity of G is given by

A software program consists of two modules M₁ and M₂ that can fail independently, but never simultaneously. The program is considered to have failed if any of these modules fails. Both the modules are ‘repairable’ and so the program starts working again as soon as the repair is done. Assume that the mean time to failure (MTTF) of M₁is T₁ with a mean time to repair (MTTR) of R₁. The MTTF of M₂ is T₂ with an MTTR of R₂. What is the availability of the overall program given that the failure and repair times are all exponentially distributed random variables?

Consider the following structure chart diagram. The boxes have function names embedded in them, while the variables are indicated along the arcs.

Given below are a set of statements relevant to the above diagram.
I. F3 and F6 can be in the same module.
II. F4 and F6 can be in the same module.
III. A4 is both an output and a control variable.
IV. It is incorrect to pass A1 as data and use it as a control variable.
Which combination of these statements is TRUE?

Consider the following program module:

void swap(float* A1, float* A2)
{
    float temp;
    if (*A1 = = *A2) return;
    temp = *A1;
    *A1 = *A2;
    *A2 = temp;
    return;
} 

The program volume for the above module using Halstead’s method is

Consider the following program module:

void swap(float* A1, float* A2)
{
    float temp;
    if (*A1 = = *A2) return;
    temp = *A1;
    *A1 = *A2;
    *A2 = temp;
    return;
} 

The program effort for the above module using Halstead’s method is

A software project has four phases P1, P2, P3 and P4. Of these phases, P1 Is the first one and needs to be completed before any other phase can commence. Phases P2 and P3 can be executed in parallel. Phase P4 cannot commence until both P2 and P3 are completed. The optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of the phase completion times in days, for Pl, P2, P3 and P4 are, respectively, (11, 15, 25), (7, 8, 15), (8, 9, 22), and (3, 8, 19).
The critical path for the above project and the slack of P2 are, respectively,

A software project has four phases P1, P2, P3 and P4. Of these phases, P1 Is the first one and needs to be completed before any other phase can commence. Phases P2 and P3 can be executed in parallel. Phase P4 cannot commence until both P2 and P3 are completed. The optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of the phase completion times in days, for Pl, P2, P3 and P4 are, respectively, (11, 15, 25), (7, 8, 15), (8, 9, 22), and (3, 8, 19).
The costs (in Rupees per day) of crashing the expected phase completion times for the four phases, respectively, are 100, 2000, 50, and 1000. Assume that the expected phase completion times of the phases cannot be crashed below their respective most likely completion times. The minimum and the maximum amounts (in Rupees) that can be spent on crashing so that ALL paths are critical are, respectively.

Consider the basic COCOMO model where E is the effort applied in person-months, D is the development time in chronological months, KLOC is the estimated number of delivered lines of code (in thousands) and a_b, b_b, c_b, d_b have their usual meanings. The basic COCOMO equations are of the form

A software requirements specification(SRS) document should avoid discussing which one of the following?

Which one of the following assertions concerning code inspection and code walkthrough is true?

Match the following:

(P) Condition coverage                      (i) Black-box testing
(Q) Equivalence class partitioning         (ii) System testing
(R) Volume testing                        (iii) White-box testing
(S) Alpha testing                          (iv) Performance testing

Consider the following C program segment.

while (first <= last)
{
   if (array [middle] < search)
      first = middle +1;
   else if (array [middle] == search)
      found = True;
   else last = middle – 1;
   middle = (first + last)/2;
}
if (first < last) not Present = True;

The cyclomatic complexity of the program segment is __________.

Consider a software project with the following information domain characteristic for calculation of function point metric.

Number of external inputs (I) = 30
Number of external output (O) = 60
Number of external inquiries (E) = 23
Number of files (F) = 08
Number of external interfaces (N) = 02

It is given that the complexity weighting factors for I, O, E, F and N are 4, 5, 4, 10 and 7, respectively. It is also given that, out of fourteen value adjustment factors that influence the development effort, four factors are not applicable, each of he other four factors have value 3, and each of the remaining factors have value 4. The computed value of function point metric is __________.

Consider a software program that is artificially seeded with 100 faults. While testing this program, 159 faults are detected, out of which 75 faults are from those artificially seeded faults. Assuming that both are and seeded faults are of same nature and have same distribution, the estimated number of undetected real fault is _____ .

Match the following:

1) Waterfall model        a) Specifications can be
                             developed incrementally

2) Evolutionary model     b) Requirements compromises 
                             are inevitable

3) Component-based        c) Explicit recognition of risk
   software engineering

4) Spiral development     d) Inflexible partitioning of 
                             the project into stages

The coupling between different modules of a software is categorized as follows:

I. Content coupling
II. Common coupling
III. Control coupling
IV. Stamp coupling
V. Data coupling

Coupling between modules can be ranked in the order of strongest (least desirable) to weakest (most desirable) as follows:

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. The context diagram should depict the system as a single bubble.
II. External entities should be identified clearly at all levels of DFDs.
III. Control information should not be represented in a DFD.
IV. A data store can be connected either to another data store or to an external entity.

The cyclomatic complexity of each of the modules A and B shown below is 10. What is the cyclomatic complexity of the sequential integration shown on the right hand side?

What is the appropriate pairing of items in the two columns listing various activities encountered in a software life cycle?

P. Requirements Capture	 1. Module Development and Integration
Q. Design	         2. Domain Analysis
R. Implementation	 3. Structural and Behavioral Modeling
S. Maintenance	         4. Performance Tuning

The following program is to be tested for statement coverage:

begin
  if (a== b) {S1; exit;}
  else if (c== d) {S2;]
       else {S3; exit;}
  S4;
end

The test cases T1, T2, T3 and T4 given below are expressed in terms of the properties satisfied by the values of variables a, b, c and d. The exact values are not given. T1 : a, b, c and d are all equal T2 : a, b, c and d are all distinct T3 : a = b and c != d T4 : a != b and c = d Which of the test suites given below ensures coverage of statements S1, S2, S3 and S4?

A company needs to develop digital signal processing software for one of its newest inventions. The software is expected to have 40000 lines of code. The company needs to determine the effort in person-months needed to develop this software using the basic COCOMO model. The multiplicative factor for this model is given as 2.8 for the software development on embedded systems, while the exponentiation factor is given as 1.20. What is the estimated effort in person-months?

Which of the following is NOT desired in a good Software Requirement Specifications (SRS) document?

The following is the comment written for a C function

A software test engineer is assigned the job of doing black box testing. He comes up with the following test cases, many of which are redundant.

Which one of the following option provide the set of non-redundant tests using equivalence class partitioning approach from input perspective for black box testing?

Match the problem domains in GROUP I with the solution technologies in GROUP II

       GROUP I                                       GROUP II
(P) Service oriented computing                 (1) Interoperability
(Q) Heterogeneous communicating systems        (2) BPMN
(R) Information representation                 (3) Publish-find-bind
(S) Process description                        (4) XML

The following figure represents access graphs of two modules M1 and M2. The filled circles represent methods and the unfilled circles represent attributes. If method m is moved to module M2 keeping the attributes where they are, what can we say about the average cohesion and coupling between modules in the system of two modules?

Which one of the following is TRUE?