→ Shannon Capacity (Noisy Channel) In presence of Gaussian band-limited white noise, Shannon-Hartley theorem gives the maximum data rate capacity.
C=B log₂(1+S/N). where S and N are the signal and noise power, respectively, at the output of the channel.

The graph K_3,4 means it complete bipartite graph with m=4 and n=3
Total number of vertices= n + m
Total number of edges= m*n
Example:

To find total number of spanning trees we are using a standard formula is nn-2.
n=5
=5^5-2
=5³
=125

Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)
The storage time is eliminated as the transistors are used in difference amplifier mode and are never driven into saturation.
1. Fastest among all logic families
2. Lowest propagation delay.
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)
The power dissipation is usually 10nW per gate depending upon the power supply voltage, output load etc.
1. Lowest power dissipation
2. Excellent noise immunity
3. High packing density
4. Wide range of supply voltage
5. Highest fan out among all logic families

→ Universal building blocks are NAND and NOR gate.
→ Basic building blocks are AND,OR and NOT

→ The ATM cell is 53 bytes long.
→ ATM for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals.
→ ATM provides functionality that is similar to both circuit switching and packet switching networks.
→ ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, fixed-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells.
→ ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.

Since arrival time is not given assume arrival time of each process as"0" Option (A):

Given data,
-- Access page table time=100 ns
-- Associate memory=20 ns
-- hit ratio=X
-- Miss ratio=1-X
-- Average Access Time=28
Step-1: AAT= Hit Ratio*Access page table + Miss Ratio*Associate memory
= X*20 + (1-X*100) [Note: If X=0.9 then we are getting exact AAT]
= 28 ns
(or)
28=X*20+(1-X*100)
X=0.9

→ Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a digital process that allows several connections to share the high bandwidth of a link Instead of sharing a portion of the bandwidth as in FDM, time is shared. Each connection occupies a portion of time in the link.
→ Since here we have N signals and each signal requires frequency band of fm Hz then total bandwidth required is Nf_m Hz.

Reflexive: A relation R is said to be reflexive if for all elements of a set x belongs to R (x,x) exists.
Since in above question {(1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)} does not exist in given relation so it is not reflexive.
Symmetric: A relation R is symmetric if (x,y) belong to R then (y,x) must belong to R. Since in above question (1,2) exists but (2,1) does not exist in given relation so given relation is not symmetric.
Transitive: A relation is transitive if (x,y) belongs to R and (y,z) belongs to R then (x,z) must belongs to R.
In above question (1, 2), (2, 3) exist in given relation but (1,3) does not exist there so given relation is not transitive.
Hence correct option is option(D)