Recursion is used in quicksort and merge sort.
The quick sort and merge sort algorithms are based on the divide and conquer algorithm which works in the quite similar way.
In the both algorithm, the larger problem is divided into smaller one until you find the solution later we will combine all smaller solutions into final solution.

→ A NATURAL JOIN is a JOIN operation that creates an implicit join clause for you based on the common columns in the two tables being joined. Common columns are columns that have the same name in both tables.
→ A NATURAL JOIN can be an INNER join, a LEFT OUTER join, or a RIGHT OUTER join. The default is INNER join.
→ The SQL OUTER JOIN returns all rows from both the participating tables which satisfy the join condition along with rows which do not satisfy the join condition. The SQL OUTER JOIN operator (+) is used only on one side of the join condition only.

→ The Facebook API is a platform for building applications that are available to the members of the social network of Facebook.
→ The API allows applications to use the social connections and profile information to make applications more involving, and to publish activities to the news feed and profile pages of Facebook, subject to individual users privacy settings.

→ In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub.
→ The devices are not directly linked to one another.

→ Disc: A filled circle
→ Circle : An unfilled circle
→ square : A filled square

→ A linker is a computer utility program that takes one or more object files generated by a compiler and combines them into a single executable file, library file, or another 'object' file.
→ A loader is a major component of an operating system that ensures all necessary programs and libraries are loaded, which is essential during the startup phase of running a program.
→ It places the libraries and programs into the main memory in order to prepare them for execution.

→ Destructors are used to de-allocate the memory that has been allocated for the object by the constructor.
→ Unlike constructor a destructor neither takes any arguments nor does it returns value. And destructor can’t be overloaded.

→ The basic function performed by a computer is the execution of a program. The program which is to be executed is a set of instructions which are stored in memory.
→ The central processing unit (CPU) executes the instructions of the program to complete a task.
→ The major responsibility of the instruction execution is with the CPU. The instruction execution takes place in the CPU registers

From the dependencies A→ B and B→ H, we can imply A→ H by using transitive dependency

The sequential device loads the data present on its inputs and then moves or “shifts” it to its output once every clock cycle, hence the name Shift Register.

Declaration syntax is
Struct tag_name
{
Datatype variable_name;
Struct tag_name *pointer_variable;
};

Micro-operations perform basic operations on data stored in one or more registers, including transferring data between registers or between registers and external buses of the central processing unit (CPU), and performing arithmetic or logical operations on registers

→The numeric values should be declared without double quotes.
→The String values should be enclosed within double quotes(")
→Date and Time variables should be enclosed within hash symbol(#)

→ The left-shift operator (<<), which moves the bits of shift-expression to the left.
→ The bit positions that have been vacated by the shift operation are zero-filled.
→ For example a=5 and equivalent binary value is 101 and shifting one bit left side means the result binary value is 1010 whose decimal value is 10

Inserting an employee without SSn because SSn is key to the table.

Negative numbers are represented in 2’s complement form.
The binary equivalent of 24 is 0000 0000 0001 1000
One’s complement is 1111 1111 1110 0111 (Flipping the bits 1 by 0 and 0 by 1)
Two’s complement is 1111 1111 1110 1000 (adding 1 to the LSB bit)

Statements b and d are correct.
Random Access Memory (RAM) –
→ It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary → memory.
→ The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this memory.
→ It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.

ROM
→ Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer.
→ It is non-volatile memory.

→ Data cleansing or data cleaning is the process of detecting and correcting (or removing) corrupt or inaccurate records from a record set, table, or database and refers to identifying incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate or irrelevant parts of the data and then replacing, modifying, or deleting the dirty or coarse data.
→ Data cleansing may be performed interactively with data wrangling tools, or as batch processing through scripting.

Microwaves have wavelengths approximately in the range of 30 cm (frequency = 1 GHz) to 1 mm (300 GHz).

→ The GROUP BY clause is a SQL command that is used to group rows that have the same values.
→ HAVING clause is used to filter summarized data or grouped data.
→ WHERE clause introduces a condition on individual rows; HAVING clause introduces a condition on aggregations, i.e. results of selection where a single result, such as count, average, min, max, or sum, has been produced from multiple rows
→ As a rule of thumb, use WHERE before GROUP BY and HAVING after GROUP → BY.
→ The order of execution of Clauses i.e FROM > WHERE > GROUP BY > HAVING > DISTINCT > SELECT > ORDER BY.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for email services on a TCP/IP network. SMTP provides the ability to send and receive email messages.
SMTP is an application-layer protocol that enables the transmission and delivery of email over the Internet

→Exclusive OR gate or XOR gate is a is a digital logic gate that implements an exclusive OR, that is, a true output (1/HIGH) results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true.
→If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both are true, a false output results. XOR represents the inequality function, i.e., the output is true if the inputs are not alike otherwise the output is false.

MPEG: The MPEG codec can only be used when the final video file will be in MPEG format (it is not compatible with other file types). It uses a lossy compression scheme (although it may be lossless at high-quality settings) and spatial and temporal compression. MPEG offers the best compression possible, but MPEGs are not yet as widely supported on the Web as other video formats.
Spatial compression:
Spatial (or intraframe) compression takes place on each individual frame of the video, compressing the pixel information as though it were a still image. JPEG, PNG and PICT files are an example of spatial compression.
It is known as the intraframe method.

Temporal compression:
It happens over a series of frames of the video. Temporal (or interframe) compression happens over a series of frames and takes advantage of areas of the image that remain unchanged from frame to frame, throwing out data for repeated pixels.
It is also called the interframe method.

→ An interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
→ An interrupt alerts the processor to a high-priority condition requiring the interruption of the current code the processor is executing.

→ A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments.
→ Bridges are important in networks because the networks are divided into many parts geographically remote from one another.
→ Bridge works at Data link layer

→ In Run time Polymorphism, call is not resolved by the compiler.
→ Run time Polymorphism is achieved by virtual functions and pointers.
→ Compile time Polymorphism achieved by function overloading and operator overloading.

→ Synchronous data transmission is a data transfer method in which a continuous stream of data signals is accompanied by timing signals (generated by an electronic clock) to ensure that the transmitter and the receiver are in step (synchronized) with one another
→ Asynchronous transmission works in spurts and must insert a start bit before each data character and a stop bit at its termination to inform the receiver where it begins and ends.
→ In synchronous mode of transfer we don’t require start and stop bits but in Asynchronous mode of transfer these bits are added to the number of bits in each character.
→ Number of characters per second = (7+1)bits + 1 start + 1 stop = 10 bits
→ Bandwidth = 2400 bps
→ Number of characters to be transmitted = 2400/10 = 240

In JK flip flop as long as clock is high for the input conditions J&K equals to the output changes or complements its output from 1–>0 and 0–>1. This is called toggling output or uncontrolled changing or racing condition.

Context switch between the processes involves kernel mode.So the time taken to switch between user and kernel models is less compared to switching between the processes

→ The worst case scenario is when a binary search tree(skew tree) is fully degenerate, a binary search tree is a chain of n nodes.
→ The worst-case time complexity of a search in a binary search tree is O(n).

First we change 100 ms to seconds, and then we calculate the frequency from the period (1 Hz=10^-3 kHz).
100 ms=100*10^-3s
= 10^-1 s
f=1/T
=1/10^-1Hz
=10 Hz
=10*10^-3 kHz
=10^-2 kHz

In the Least Recently Used (LRU) page replacement policy, the page that is used least recently will be replaced.

→ A virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method for which dynamic dispatch is facilitated.
→ A pure virtual function or pure virtual method is a virtual function that is required to be implemented by a derived class if the derived class is not abstract.

SISD (single instruction stream, single data stream) is a computer architecture in which a single uni-core processor, executes a single instruction stream, to operate on data stored in a single memory. This corresponds to the von Neumann architecture.

→ To ensure entity integrity, it is required that every table have a primary key.
→ Neither the primary key nor any part of it can contain null values. This is because null values for the primary key mean we cannot identify some rows.
→ Referential integrity requires that a foreign key must have a matching primary key or it must be null. This constraint is specified between two tables (parent and child); it maintains the correspondence between rows in these tables. It means the reference from a row in one table to another table must be valid.

→ Enable property specifies whether a control can receive the focus and respond to user-generated events.
Syntax: object.Enabled [= Boolean ]
The Enabled property syntax has these parts:

→ A virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method for which dynamic dispatch is facilitated.
→ Dynamic binding occurs when a pointer or reference is associated with a member function based on the dynamic type of the object.
→ The member function that is dynamically bound must override a virtual function declared in a direct or indirect base class.

→ A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made → available by a server.
→ The server is often (but not always) on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.

Process scheduling operating system is application of queue.

There is no termination condition for the loop and value “f” incremented every time. So it will execute infinite number of times.

→ Compiler : Compilers are used to convert high level languages (like C, C++ ) into machine code Example : gcc , Microsoft Visual Studio
→ Assembers : Assembler are used to convert assembly language code into machine code.
→ Interpreter : An interpreter is a computer program which executes a statement directly (at runtime).
→ Examples: python , LISP

The condition 22>15 is true so it will execute 22+15 which is 37

I. statement 1 represents absolute URL. But since Statement A does not contain a closing tag so it is a wrong statement.
II. Statement 2 relative URL starting from website root
III. Statement 3 relative URL starting from the current page location
IV. Statement 4 relative URL starting from the current page location and then going to "test" part of the loaded page
Hence option C is right answer.

→ The setcookie() function defines a cookie to be sent along with the rest of the HTTP headers.
→ A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie too. With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.
→ Syntax
→ setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure,httponly);

Multimode Step-index: In multimode step-index fiber, the density of the core remains constant from the center to the edges. A beam of light moves through this constant density in a straight line until it reaches the interface of the core and the cladding

A Display Decoder is a combinational circuit which decodes and n-bit input value into a number of output lines to drive a display

→ A catch block is where you handle the exceptions, this block must follow the try block.
→ A single try block can have several catch blocks associated with it. You can catch different exceptions in different catch blocks.
→ When an exception occurs in try block, the corresponding catch block that handles that particular exception executes

→ A handoff refers to the process of transferring an active call or data session from one cell in a cellular network to another or from one channel in a cell to another.
→ A well-implemented handoff is important for delivering uninterrupted service to a caller or data session user.
→ In satellite communications it is the process of transferring satellite control responsibility from one earth station to another without loss or interruption of service.

→ The second option gives zero value.
→ (0+0+0) gives the value 0
→ (0+1+1) gives either 0 or 1.
→ (0+0+0)(0+1+1) gives ), as product of 0 with anything is 0

→ Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one image or shape into another through a seamless transition.
→ Morphing means stretching or as part of a fantasy or surreal sequence.

→ Static variable is a variable which has been allocated “statically” so that it’s lifetime extends across the entire run of the program.
→ Thus, static variable continues to exist even after the block in which they are defined terminates. Furthermore, you can initialize a static variable during it’s declaration but this must be a constant expression.

→ x%=2; is not the same as x=x/2;
→ x%=2; is the same as x=x%2;

We can’t used the keyword “while” as class name.So it will give syntax error.

→ A data bus is a system within a computer or device, consisting of a connector or set of wires, that provides transportation for data.
→ A data bus is also called a processor bus, front side bus, frontside bus or backside bus—is a group of electrical wires used to send information (data) between two or more components.

→ A database system provides a data definition language to specify the database schema and a data manipulation language to express database queries and updates.
→ Storage definition language is to specify the internal schema. This language may specify the mapping between two schemas.
→ A data manipulation language (DML) is a computer programming language used for adding (inserting), deleting, and modifying (updating) data in a database.

→ Recursion is implemented stack
→ Scheduling can be implemented using Queue.
→ The inorder traversal of binary search gives sorting order.

Do-while will execute at least one time while loop will execute minimum of zero times.

Extended precision, the third format, is usually an 80-bit word, with 1 bit sign, 15 bit exponent and 64 bit significand, with leading bit of a normalized number not hidden

public class Object:
Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has Object as a superclass. All objects, including arrays, implement the methods of this class.

→ Reload the current document:
→ location.reload();
→ The reload() method is used to reload the current document.
→ The reload() method does the same as the reload button in your browser.
→ By default, the reload() method reloads the page from the cache

Re-allocates storage space for an array variable.
Syntax:
ReDim [ Preserve ] name(boundlist) [ , name(boundlist) [, ... ] ]

→ The else statement belongs its immediate previous if statement.
→ If there are no braces ({}) following the if statement then only the next immediate statement belongs to the if statement. The same thing is true for else and else-if clause

Direct memory access (DMA) is a method that allows an input/output (I/O) device to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to speed up memory operations

Cellpadding:
Cellpadding is used to specify the distance between a cell contents and its boundaries.Cellpadding is an important formatting feature of web document.cellpadding used to specify the space between edges of the cells it also used in cell contents.
Cellspacing:
Cellspacing is an important attribute of < Table > tag in HTML.Is the property which increases the space between the cells of the table. you can see that Cellspacing increases the border of the table.its default value is zero

Breadth first search and Process scheduling can be implemented by using Queue.
Binary search can be implemented by using recursion. So Stack is suitable for implementing function calls.

→ The clustered systems are a combination of hardware clusters and software clusters. The hardware clusters help in sharing of high performance disks between the systems. The software clusters makes all the systems work together.
→ Each node in the clustered systems contains the cluster software. This software monitors the cluster system and makes sure it is working as required. If any one of the nodes in the clustered system fail, then the rest of the nodes take control of its storage and resources and try to restart.
→ asymmetric multiprocessing using master-slave strategy but symmetric multiprocessing using peer to peer.
→ In symmetric multiplexing, the processors are not placed symmetrically on the motherboard.

The open file table also has an open count associated with each file to indicate how many processes have the file open. Each close() decreases this open count, and when open count reaches zero, the file no longer in use, and file’s entry is removed from the open file table.

Rules for determining functional dependency hold or not : → If LHS of a functional dependency is not repeating any value then you. you can say that LHS of a functional dependency is determining RHS of a functional dependency.
→ If LHS of a functional dependency is repeating then see the value of RHS. If values of RHS are same for repeated value of LHS then you can say that LHS of a functional dependency is determining RHS of a functional dependency else not determining.
Now if you see the given options then only option(C) is satisfying above two rules.

(AB’(C+BD)+A’B’)C
(AB'C + AB'BD + A'B')C
(AB'C + A'B')C
AB'C + A'B'C
(A+A') B'C
B'C

Front and rear initially points to same location and once rear is incremented by 1 it means element is added and front is used to delete so here we don't need front for 1 element in the queue.

EAT := TLB_miss_time * (1- hit_ratio) + TLB_hit_time * hit_ratio
TLB time = 100ns,
Memory time = 400ns
Hit Ratio= 80%
E.A.T. = (0.80)*(500)+0.20*900
0.8*100+.2*400=160

F is given 0 then no items would be produced
→ Two standard operations, wait and signal are defined on the semaphore.
→ Entry to the critical section is controlled by the wait operation and exit from a critical region is taken care by signal operation.
→ The manipulation of semaphore (S) takes place as following:
→ The wait command P(S) decrements the semaphore value by 1. If the resulting value becomes negative then P command is delayed until the condition is satisfied.
→ The V(S) i.e. signals operation increments the semaphore value by 1.
→ The wait, signal operations are also called P and V operations.

→ Public Inheritance − When deriving a class from a public base class, public members of the base class become public members of the derived class and protected members of the base class become protected members of the derived class.
→ A base class's private members are never accessible directly from a derived class, but can be accessed through calls to the public and protected members of the base class. We can summarize the different access types according to - who can access them in the following way −

This is lower triangular matrix. For 4,4 we need to cross 4 rows and 4 columns. So, most suitable answer is Option C.